Emergencies

Toothache

Mouth pain can result from a variety of factors. Some are cause for alarm, and should be assessed immediately by a medical or dental professional. Others are not. It isn't always clear which is the case, so when in doubt, call your dentist immediately.

Toothaches occur because of nerve irritation in or around the tooth. This is often the result of an infection that causes elevated blood pressure inside the tooth. Since teeth are rigid and cannot swell, increased blood pressure compresses the tooth nerve and causes pain. Common causes of tooth infections include:

• Deep decay.
• Deep cracks.
• Bruised tooth ligaments from trauma.
• Periodontal disease.
• Failing root canal therapy.
• Other conditions may cause referred pain, such as severe gingivitis or dentin hypersensitivity.

What to do

• If pain is severe or rapidly worsening, or is accompanied by swelling, get immediate medical attention or call 911 for a more rapid response.
• Toothaches are best handled by a dentist or dental specialist who can identify and treat the underlying cause of your pain. If you feel you can tolerate the discomfort for a short time, contact your dentist for an emergency evaluation and treatment.
• You should also ask your dentist about pain management strategies you can use prior to your appointment, and whether or not antibiotics might be appropriate if you have swelling or tenderness in the neck.
• Don't delay your dental visit, as dental infections can spread to your face and sinuses, brain, neck, chest, and bloodstream.

Author: Symbyos staff, Fluent staff
Last updated: 2/22/2021 • Medical review: Thomas J. Greany DDS, 2/7/2021
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